PSG has now won the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
However, the southern French side fired twice late to take a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the dying moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.